Trusted VPNs do not use cryptographic tunneling, and instead await on the aegis of a individual provider's arrangement to assure the traffic.

Trusted VPNs do not use cryptographic tunneling, and instead await on the aegis of a individual provider's arrangement to assure the traffic.

Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) is generally acclimated to bury VPNs, generally with quality-of-service ascendancy over a trusted supply network.

Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP)[11] which is a standards-based replacement, and a accommodation demography the acceptable appearance from each, for two proprietary VPN protocols: Cisco's Layer 2 Forwarding (L2F)[12] (obsolete as of 2009) and Microsoft's Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP).[13]